For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals.
【重点词汇】
grandmotherly [ˈɡrænmʌðə(r)li] adj. (似)祖母的;慈祥的
staff [stɑːf] n. 工作人员;全体职工
v. 在……工作;任职于
booth [buːð] n. 售货棚;临时货摊
fair [feə(r)] adj. 公平的;合理的
n. 集市;商品交易会;展销会
distribute [dɪˈstrɪbjuːt] v. 分配;分发
brochure [ˈbrəʊʃə(r)] n. 小册子;资料(或广告)手册
【句子分析】
主句：a grandmotherly woman(主语)was distributing(谓语)a brochure(宾语)
That定语从句1：that(主语)encouraged(谓语)readers(宾语)not to use anything that从句(宾语补足语)
That定语从句2：that(主语)comes from(谓语1)or(连词)is tested in(谓语2)animals(宾语)
【补充分析】
①staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair整体为后置定语修饰主句的主语woman;
②that定语从句1的先行词为brochure;
③that定语从句2修饰anything，内嵌在that定语从句1中。
【参考译文】
例如，在最近的一次街头集市上，一位老奶奶在动物权利摊位上散发小册子，鼓励读者不要使用任何来自动物或经过动物试验的东西。
To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
【重点词汇】
treatment [ˈtriːtmənt] n. 治疗;疗法;诊治;对待;待遇
vaccine [ˈvæksiːn] n. 疫苗;菌苗
cruel [ˈkruːəl] adj. 残酷的;残忍的;残暴的
【句子分析】
主句：animal research(主语)seems(系动词)wasteful at best(表语1)and(连词)cruel at worst(表语2)
Who定语从句：who(主语)are(系动词)unaware(表语)
That宾语从句：that(引导词)animal research(主语)was needed(谓语)
【补充分析】
①To those…and vaccines整体在句中作状语;
②who定语从句的先行词为those;
③to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines为that宾语从句中的目的状语;
④that宾语从句属于形容词类宾语从句，即某些表示主观判断与感受的形容词，在语义逻辑上可以等同于谓语表达，此时后面连接的名词性从句可理解为它的宾语。
【参考译文】
这些治疗手段以及新疗法、新疫苗的获得都需要进行动物研究，对于那些并未认识到这一点的人来说，动物研究说得好听是浪费，说得难听就是残忍。
If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.
【重点词汇】
railroad [ˈreɪlrəʊd] n. 铁路;铁道;铁路公司
average [ˈævərɪdʒ] adj. 平均的;典型的;正常的
n. 平均数;平均水平
switch [swɪtʃ] v. 改变;转变;交换;掉换
n. (电路的)开关;闸;转换器
truck [trʌk] n. 卡车;(运货的)敞篷车
v. 用卡车装运
shoulder [ˈʃəʊldə(r)] n. 肩膀;肩胛
v. 承担;担负
【句子分析】
主句：shippers(主语)would do(谓语)so(宾语)
If条件状语从句：If(引导词)railroads(主语)charged(谓语)all customers(间接宾语)the same average rate(直接宾语)
Who定语从句：who(主语)have(谓语)the option(宾语)
【补充分析】
①they argue为插入语;
②who定语从句修饰主句的主语shippers;
③of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation为介词短语作后置定语修饰option;
④主句部分的谓语would do so指代的是who引导定语从句中所写行为，即would switch to trucks or…;
⑤leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line为状语，修饰主干部分。
【参考译文】
如果铁路公司向所有顾客收取一样的平均运费，他们争辩道，那些有选择余地的托运者就会选择卡车或其他运输方式，让剩下的顾客来承担维持铁路运输的费用。
Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.
【重点词汇】
means [miːnz] n. 方法;方式;途径
convey [kənˈveɪ] v. 传达;输送;传送
perhaps [pəˈhæps] adv. 可能;大概;也许
【句子分析】
分句1：Television(主语)is(系动词)one of the means(表语)
分句2：and(连词)it(主语)has [never before] served [so much](谓语)
By which定语从句：by which(介词+状语)these feelings(主语)are created and conveyed(谓语)
【补充分析】
①by which引导的定语从句先行词为means;
②“介词+关系代词”在从句中主要起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语。定语从句还原为these feelings are created and conveyed by which，在正式文体中介词会和引导词一起提前到定语从句的句首来引导从句;
③分句2中，原本是一个倒装结构，否定副词置于句首，谓语要用部分倒装，说明电视前所未有的作用，结构分析当中是还原的语序;
④to connect different peoples and nations为分句2中的目的状语;
⑤as in the recent events in Europe为分句2中的比较状语。
【参考译文】
电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一——在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连到一起，其作用之大，前所未有。
This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
【重点词汇】
entail [ɪnˈteɪl] v. 涉及;需要;牵涉
dependence [dɪˈpendəns] n. 依靠;依赖;依存
【句子分析】
主句：This(主语)entails(谓语)reducing our dependence(宾语)
Whose定语从句：whose(定语)programs(主语)relate to(谓语)experiences and cultural traditions(宾语)
Which定语从句：which(主语)are different from(谓语)our own(宾语)
【补充分析】
①on the North American market为后置定语修饰dependence;
②whose引导的定语从句修饰North American market;
③which引导的定语从句修饰experiences and cultural traditions。
【参考译文】
这意味着要减少对北美市场的依赖，该市场的节目所涉及的经历和文化传统与我们的不同。
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